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  NICOLAUS                 Plans Quarterly
   

                                                                            Third Quarter 2006

Our Pensions In Perspective quarterly newsletter has a new name � Retirement Plans Quarterly. The name change is intended to more directly reflect the broad spectrum of retirement plan topics covered each quarter.

IRA ASSETS REACH $3.7 TRILLION

Assets in U.S. retirement plan arrangements totaled $14.3 trillion as of December 31, 2005,* a combination of IRAs ($3.7), Defined Contribution plans ($3.7), Private Defined Benefit plans ($1.81), Federal DB and Thrift Savings Plans ($1.1), State/local government plans ($2.8), and Annuity reserves ($1.4). The IRA total represents a combination of Traditional and Roth IRAs, Simplified Employee Pension (SEP) plans, Savings Incentive Match Plan for Employees (SIMPLE) IRA contributions, and rollover IRAs from employer-sponsored retirement plans.

Majority of assets in mutual fund and brokerage-based accounts

Of the $3.7 trillion held in IRAs, 45.5% were held by mutual fund companies and 38% were held in brokerage-based accounts. This was followed by 9.1% held by life insurance companies and 7.4% held in bank and thrift deposits.

In comparison with the year 1990, a change of IRA positioning has occurred. At that time, 41.7% of the assets were held in bank and thrift accounts and 29.8% were held in brokerage-based accounts, with only 21.8% in mutual funds and 6.3% in life insurance companies.

Summary

In 1990, there were $637 billion held in IRAs, and that figure has grown to $3.7 trillion. With increased contribution limits and the continued growth of rollovers, it�s obvious that IRAs have become an important savings vehicle in the U.S. retirement savings structure.

* Investment Company Institute�s (ICI) 2006 Mutual Fund Fact Book

DEPOSIT TAX REFUNDS INTO IRAs

Currently, taxpayers can option to have income tax refunds deposited directly into a checking or savings account. However, in Internal Revenue Service News Release, IR-2006-85, May 31, 2006, the IRS acknowledged its approval to allow taxpayers� future tax returns to be divided into multiple accounts, including IRAs.

The news release indicated that those who use direct deposit will be allowed to instruct the IRS to deposit income tax refunds in up to three different financial accounts. The IRS identified the three accounts to include checking, savings, and retirement accounts (includes IRAs).

 

      3rd Quarter 2006

Those who want a direct deposit into only one account will continue to complete the appropriate line on the Form 1040 series, such as line 73B, C, or D on Form 1040 (2005). However, those who want a direct deposit into more than one account will attach a new Form 8888 to their returns indicating amounts for each allocation and providing account information.

The news release indicated that the exact details of the program are still being decided.

IRS GRANTS TAX RELIEF FOR STORM VICTIMS

In separate news releases, the IRS granted an extension for certain tax-related deadlines to residents of several counties in Ohio, New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania that experienced tornadoes, damaging winds, and flooding from June 21 through June 23, 2006.

 

Counties affected

Counties that were declared Presidential Disaster Areas include:

� Ohio � Cuyahoga, Erie, Huron, Lucas, Sandusky, and Stark

� New Jersey � Hunterdon, Mercer, and Warren

� New York � Broome, Chenango, Delaware, Herkimer, Montgomery, Oneida, Orange, Otsego, Schoharie, Sullivan, Tioga, and Ulster

� Pennsylvania � Berks, Bradford, Bucks, Carbon, Chester, Columbia, Dauphin, Franklin, Lackawanna, Lancaster, Lebanon, Luzerne, Monroe, Montgomery, Montour, Northampton, Northumberland, Pike, Schuylkill, Susquehanna, Wayne, and Wyoming.

Tax relief

Those that qualify were granted an extension until September 5, 2006, for certain tax-related deadlines, including depositing rollovers, making plan loan payments, Form 5500 filing, and other time-sensitive acts described in Treas. Reg. Sec. 301.7508A-1(c)(1).

Other relief

The IRS will waive the usual fees and expedite requests for copies of previously filed tax returns for affected taxpayers who need them to apply for benefits or file amended returns claiming casualty losses.

For further information, or to download forms and publications, access the IRS web site: www.irs.gov.

IRS EXTENDS HURRICANE KATRINA RELIEF

The IRS has extended the deadline to file 2004 tax returns to October 15, 2006, for those individuals affected by hurricane Katrina and who applied for an extension to file 2004 returns prior to the hurricane Katrina events. This extension does not include making 2004 IRA contributions.

In addition, Notice 2006-56 extends the 2005 tax return filing deadline to October 15, 2006, to those affected individuals who were granted a filing extension to August 15, 2006, under hurricane Katrina relief Notice 2006-20. This extension does extend the 2005 IRA contribution deadline to October 15, 2006, for these same individuals.

Note: Notice 2006-56 does not extend other time-sensitive acts such as rollover deadlines or taking required minimum distributions, which were granted relief under Notice 2006-20.

For further information, access the IRS web site: www.irs.gov.

SIMPLE IRAs � OCTOBER 1 DEADLINE

The SIMPLE IRA is an employer-sponsored plan that allows for pre-tax salary deferrals for employees and a mandatory employer contribution. October 1 is an important date for all new SIMPLE plans. SIMPLE IRA plans must be maintained on a calendar year basis (IRC Sec. 408(p)(6)(C)), and employee elective deferrals are based on compensation earned by the employee during the plan

year. There is a requirement that within a 60-day period preceding the plan year, the employer must allow eligible employees to make deferral elections (IRC Sec. 408(p)(5)(C)). For the plan year 2006, the 60-day election period must begin by October 1 for new plans to include 2006 deferrals. For existing plans, employers should furnish the 60-day election notice by November 1 each year. This notice allows newly eligible employees to make elections, or existing employees to modify elections for the next year.

There is one exception to the October 1 establishment deadline. Newly established companies may open SIMPLE IRA plans as soon as administratively feasible to accept contributions immediately.

October 1 is quickly approaching, and employers wishing to establish a SIMPLE plan for 2006 should do so immediately.

SIMPLE IRA CONTRIBUTIONS IN SHORT PLAN YEAR

When an employer establishes a SIMPLE IRA plan with an effective date other than January 1, a short plan year occurs. And, when an employer makes a two percent non-elective contribution to the plan for that short year, an employer may prorate the compensation, including the annual compensation cap ($220,000 for 2006). As a result, participants in the SIMPLE IRA plan may receive a substantially smaller employer contribution than they would during a full plan year.

Limiting compensation is optional

Under Notice 97-6, D-6, the IRS stated that an employer "may make non-elective contributions equal to two percent of each employee�s compensation for the entire calendar year." The IRS clarified that employers may, but are not required, to prorate the compensation when a two percent non-elective contribution is made to a SIMPLE IRA during a short plan year.

SMALL BUSINESS START-UP CREDIT

Small businesses that adopt a new tax-qualified defined contribution, defined benefit, SIMPLE, or SEP plan are allowed a nonrefundable credit of 50% of the administrative and retirement education expenses. The credit is available for expenses paid or incurred and applies to the first $1,000 of qualifying expenses of the plan in each of its first three plan years.

Eligibility

To be eligible, an employer must not have had in the preceding year more than 100 employees with compensation in excess of $5,000 each. In addition, the plan must cover at least one Non-Highly Compensated Employee (HCE). A plan is considered "new" if the employer sponsored no qualified retirement plan during the three-year period immediately before the first year the credit is available. An employer claiming the credit is not allowed a business expense deduction for the 50% of the expenses for which the credit is claimed.

Talk to your CPA to take advantage of this little known benefit.

 

 

PRESIDENT BUSH SIGNS PENSION PROTECTION ACT OF 2006

President Bush signed into law one of the most comprehensive pension reform bills in history on August 17, 2006.

Below are some of the highlights of the Pension Protection Act of 2006.

EGTRRA permanency

The Act makes permanent rules affecting IRAs and employer-sponsored retirement plans enacted as part of the Economic Growth and Tax Relief Reconciliation Act of 2001 (EGTRRA), which were scheduled to expire at the end of 2010.

The provisions that are now permanent include:

� Increased contribution limits to IRAs and employer-sponsored retirement plans

� Catch-up contributions for individuals age 50 and older

� Enhanced portability that expands rollover options

� Roth 401K contributions that provide for tax-free retirement income

The Act also extends the "saver�s credit," which was due to expire at the end of 2006 under EGTRRA. This provides low-income taxpayers a credit of up to $2,000 if they contribute to an IRA or employer-sponsored retirement plan.

These provisions are effective immediately.

Income limits for IRAs

The Act provides for inflation indexing of the income limits for determining Roth IRA eligibility and deductibility of traditional IRA contributions. Prior law specified phaseout ranges that increased over the years, but were not subject to inflation indexing. In both cases, inflation adjustments may be made in $1,000 increments.

These provisions will be effective in 2007.

Portability

In addition to extending the enhanced portability offered by EGTRRA, the Act includes additional portability enhancements. First, non-spouse beneficiaries will have the opportunity to roll over benefits to an IRA. Secondly, the Act allows retirement plan distributions to be rolled directly to Roth IRAs. Distributions rolled directly to a Roth IRA will be taxed at the time of rollover. Both enhancements will be available starting in 2007.

Tax-free distribution from IRAs for charity

The Act also temporarily allows tax-free distributions of up to $100,000 from IRAs (SEPs and SIMPLE IRAs are excluded) for charitable purposes if the individual is age 70 � or older. These distributions must be made by December 31, 2007.

Automatic enrollment in 401K plans

Automatic enrollment of 401K participants has proven effective in increasing participation; however, some states have asserted

 

that it violates local payroll withholding laws. Because of this perception, the Act explicitly protects automatic enrollment plans from state and local interference.

The Act does require that the plan sponsor provides a notice explaining the participant�s right to opt out of the plan or to change the rate of contribution, the time periods for making elections, and how the contributions will be invested if no investment instructions are provided to the plan. Plans that give automatic enrollees proper notice are treated as complying with Section 404(c) of ERISA, which provides limited protection against fiduciary liability.

The Act requires that the Department of Labor issue guidelines for choosing a default investment for automatic enrollees who have not elected an investment option within six months after enactment.

The Act provides automatic enrollment plans with an optional safe harbor for satisfying the nondiscrimination rules for elective deferrals and matching contributions. The plan would be deemed to satisfy nondiscrimination rules if it provides a minimum match of 100% of elective deferrals up to 1% of compensation, plus 50% of elective deferrals between 1% and 6% of compensation. The current-law safe harbor provision continues to be available for all 401K plans, including those with automatic enrollment. However, the government has sought to encourage automatic enrollment by making the automatic enrollment safe harbor less expensive than the current safe harbor provision.

In order to qualify for the automatic enrollment safe harbor, the automatic contribution rate must be set at a minimum of 3% during the first year of participation, 4% during the second year, 5% during the third year, and 6% thereafter. The plan may specify a higher percentage, up to 10%.

An automatic enrollee will have 90 days to opt out of the plan and withdraw contributions and the earnings related to those contributions. The distribution will be taxed but is not subject to the 10% early withdrawal penalty that ordinarily applies to distributions prior to age 59 �. This rule also applies to 403(b) plans and 457(b) plans that have automatic enrollment.

The automatic enrollment provisions are effective for plan years beginning after December 31, 2007.

Employer stock

Defined contribution plans that hold publicly traded employer securities must allow all of their participants to diversify the investment of their elective deferrals and after-tax contributions. The plan must also allow participants to diversify their employer matching and nonelective contributions after three years of service. The employer is required to provide 30 days� advance notice of the diversification right. This provision is effective in 2007; however, for existing plans, the provision can be phased in over a three-year period.

Investment advice

The Act contains an ERISA prohibited transaction exemption for investment advice provided by a "fiduciary adviser" under an "eligible investment advice arrangement." A "fiduciary adviser" is defined as a registered investment company, bank, insurance company,

 

 

or registered broker-dealer. An "eligible investment advice arrangement" must meet one of two criteria: (1) provide that the fees received by the fiduciary adviser do not vary on the basis of which investment options are chosen, or (2) recommendations are based on a computer model meeting certain Department of Labor criteria and the model is approved by an independent third party. An annual audit of either approach is required by the Act. The exemption applies to advice rendered after December 31, 2006.

Combined Defined Benefit/401K for small employers

The Act allows companies up to 500 employees to establish a combined Defined Benefit and 401K plan beginning in 2010. The plans would operate under a single plan document and trust fund, and will be required to file only one Form 5500 annually. Each component will be subject to its respective rules and regulations under the tax code and ERISA.

In order to constitute a single plan and trust, the Defined Benefit and 401K must utilize the following safe harbor provisions.

� The Defined Benefit component will have to be either a 1% of final average pay formula for up to 20 years of service, or a cash balance formula that increases with the participant�s age.

� The 401K component must include an automatic enrollment feature using 4% as the automatic contribution rate. The plan must provide for a fully vested match of 50% on the first 4% deferred.

� All benefits under the Defined Benefit component and nonelective contributions under the 401K component must be fully vested after no more than three years of service.

Combined Defined Benefit and 401K plans would be deemed not to be top heavy, although they are still subject to nondiscrimination and coverage testing.

Form 5500

Starting in 2007, owner-only plans will be exempt from Form 5500-EZ filing if plan assets do not exceed $250,000 and plans with 25 or fewer participants will have a simplified Form 5500.

Also starting in 2007, the Act requires companies that have an intranet web site to display their Form 5500 on that web site, in accordance with DOL regulations.

Plan amendments

Most plans will be required to amend by the end of the 2009 plan year.

 

 

QUALIFIED PLAN PREMATURE DISTRIBUTION: AGE 55 EXCEPTION

Most participants who retire before 59 � are not aware that they may be eligible to take distributions from their employer�s qualified plan without penalty. Many assume that they would be required to pay a 10% early withdrawal penalty on any premature distributions from their employer-sponsored plan account. But a little known exception to the 10% early withdrawal penalty is available for those who have separated from service after reaching age 55.

IRC Section 72(t)(2)(A)(v) specifies that participants separating from service after age 55 can receive payments from the plan without penalty. The IRS has interpreted the age 55 separation requirement to be satisfied if the participant separates from service during the calendar year in which the participant reaches age 55. The participant is not limited to substantially equal payments, but can withdraw funds in any manner (lump sum, partial distribution, etc.) that the plan document allows.

Participants may not separate from service in years prior to turning age 55 and expect to receive penalty-free distributions upon reaching age 55, unless a qualified exception applies (i.e., death, disability, etc.). If the participant separates from service prior to turning age 55, they would need to satisfy the substantially equal periodic payment exception to receive penalty-free distributions.

Also, the age 55 exception is not available to IRAs. The funds must remain in the qualified plan of the employer with which the participant separated service after age 55 in order to continue receiving penalty-free distributions.

QUALIFIED PLANS ADOPTION DEADLINE APPROACHING

Year-end is approaching, and that means it�s time to set up new plans for 2006. According to Revenue Ruling 76-28, a qualified plan must be adopted by the employer by the end of the tax year for which the tax deduction is being taken. An employer operating a plan on a calendar year basis must complete the plan adoption agreement no later than December 31.

Although the plan must be adopted by the end of the tax year, employers can make qualified plan contributions for a tax year until its tax filing deadline (March 15 for corporations and April 15 for sole proprietors and partnerships) plus extensions.

 

 

The information contained in this newsletter has been carefully compiled from sources believed to be reliable, but the accuracy of the information is not guaranteed. This newsletter is distributed with the understanding that the publisher is not engaging in any legal or accounting type of work such as practicing law or CPA services.

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